vitamin b complex

An organism can survive for some time without vitamins, although prolonged vitamin deficits may result in often painful and potentially deadly diseases. Body stores for different vitamins can vary widely; an adult may be deficient in vitamin A and B12 for long periods of time before developing a deficiency condition, while vitamin B3 stores may only last a couple of weeks.[9][15] Deficiencies of vitamins are classified as either primary or secondary.

A primary deficiency occurs when you do not get enough of the vitamin in the food you eat. A secondary deficiency may be due to an underlying disorder that prevents or limits the absorption or use of the vitamin, or due to a “lifestyle factor”, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or the use of medications that interfere with the absorption or the bodys use of the vitamin.[15] Well-known vitamin deficiencies involve thiamine beriberi, niacin pellagra, vitamin C scurvy and vitamin D rickets.

In much of the developed world, such deficiencies are rare due to; an adequate supply of food and the addition of vitamins and minerals, often called fortification, mon foods.[8] [15] [17] Vitamins are classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble based on how they are absorbed by the body. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble, while the water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the plex vitamins thiamine B1, riboflavin B2, niacin B3, pantothenic acid B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin and folate.

Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are often stored in the body and can cause toxicity when ingested in excess. With the exception of vitamin B12, which is stored in the liver[13], water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body.

All vitamins have documented side effects. Like side effects from drugs, vitamin side effects increase in severity with increasing dosage.

At high enough dosages vitamins can cause extreme side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.[8] Unlike side effects caused by drugs, vitamin side effects rarely cause any permanent harm.[18] When vitamin side effects emerge, full and rapid recovery is plished by reducing the supplement dosage. Furthermore, the concentrations of vitamins an individual can tolerate vary widely, and appear to be related to age and state of health.[19] The likelihood of consuming too much of any vitamin from food is remote, but overdosing from vitamin supplementation does occur.

It is for this reason that physicians and scientists carefully review all the clinical data on supplement use in order to determine upper dosage thresholds for each vitamin that can be tolerated as a daily dose by the entire population without side effects. This dosage is known as the tolerable upper intake level UL.[8] Use of vitamin supplements is controversial.

As the number of people who were taking vitamin supplements began to rise, a small group of physicians, specializing in the application of supplements, emerged. Many of these physicians categorize themselves as orthomolecular physicians, a term coined by two-time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling.

A number of orthomolecular physicians are also obstetricians or pediatricians, who prescribe preventative vitamin supplements during pregnancy andor to treat childhood physical and nervous disorders.[20] In addition, many orthomolecular physicians prescribe vitamin C supplements mon colds and other active respiratory illnesses, typically in amounts of 30 - 200+ grams per day in divided doses, depending on severity and bowel tolerance.[21] At least 21 double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials involving a total of over 6000 participants have been conducted. These trials were reviewed in the 1990s.[22][23] One meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin C in the range of 200 mg to 4 grams per day, once per day, may reduce the duration, by 8% for children and 13.5% for adults, but not the frequency of colds.[24] and opines Vitamin C in doses as high as 2 grams daily is not a panacea for prevention or treatment of mon cold, but it may reduce the risk of colds in people exposed to heavy physical or cold stress....

Vitamin tablets may contain levels of vitamins many times higher, and in different forms, than one may ingest through food.[25] Most countries place dietary supplements in a special category under the general umbrella of foods, not drugs. This necessitates that the manufacturer, and not the government, be responsible for ensuring that its dietary supplement products are safe before they are marketed.

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